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Why don't we invest in biogas plants, which are more efficient than photovoltaics and wind turbines?

Dlaczego nie inwestujemy w biogazownie, które są efektywniejsze niż fotowoltaika i wiatraki?
  • What is biomass and how can it be used in energy?
  • How is biogas produced and what is its potential in Poland?
    What are the business benefits and challenges of investing in biogas plants?

According to available data, Poland can produce biogas from waste at a level of almost 13–15 billion m3 per year. The large production potential means that the biogas sector is enjoying increasing interest from investors.

Therefore, it is worth learning about key issues in this area today:

  • What is biomass and how can it be used in energy?
  • How is biogas produced and what is its potential in Poland?
  • What are the business benefits of investing in biogas plants?

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Substrate and biomass are the basis for biogas production

Poland has the fifth largest biomass potential for biogas production among the European Union member states. This is the so-called green biomass – fresh and undried organic waste that can be fermented. Therefore, we can only use part of the biomass available on the market for biogas production.

It is worth emphasizing that biomass is the basic source for biogas production. Thanks to organic substrates, most often agri-food waste, an emission-free and solid energy carrier is created, which perfectly stabilizes the power grid. Biogas can be used to produce electricity and heat, as well as biomethane.

How big is the potential of biogas compared to photovoltaics and wind turbines in Poland?

In the assumptions of the Polish energy policy until 2040 (PEP2040), biogas has been defined as a source of key importance for the implementation of renewable energy obligations. In our country, for a dozen or so years, a special role has been assigned to agricultural biogas.

However, its production is related not only to agriculture, but also to the agri-food sector. That is why we have recently observed a systematic increase in this type of biogas plants.

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An example of such an investment is the first agricultural biogas plant of the E.ON Group in Poland, which is being built near Pułtusk.

Our biogas plant in Nowe Borze is currently more or less halfway through the investment phase. We have already installed a cogeneration unit, as well as a transformer station, which is responsible for the production of green electricity. This is a facility with an installed capacity of 1 MWe, which will operate in continuous mode. This will translate into production of around 8 GWh per year. All processes will take place in strictly hermetic conditions. Thanks to this, the plant will not be a source of unpleasant odors – says Jakub Roszkiewicz, president of E.ON Business Solutions.

To easily explain the potential of biogas in Poland, one can compare its energy efficiency with other sources of green energy.

A well-run biogas plant should operate for about 90% of the time per year, or an average of 8,000 hours. In Polish climatic conditions, onshore wind turbines have an efficiency of 30–33% per year, while photovoltaics remain at a level of close to 10%. This means that within 12 months, from 1 MW of installed photovoltaic power, we can only obtain 10% of the nominal efficiency. Biogas therefore proves to be much more effective – explains Piotr Mularewicz, President of Biowatt.

Investing in a biogas plant is a huge challenge, not only in financial terms.

Biogas plants are not only a step towards sustainable development, but also an attractive business investment. Thanks to them, we can effectively use organic waste, reduce CO2 emissions and support local communities by creating new jobs and providing green and clean energy.

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An additional source of income may be the so-called digestate. This is an organic substance that is created as a result of methane fermentation during biogas production. It can be a fertilizer rich in microelements.

The biogas production process also produces fully ecological waste heat, which can be used to power a facility, sell or dry agricultural crops.

When it comes to the challenges accompanying the investment in a biogas plant, at the initial stage one must reckon with the necessity to meet the necessary formal and organizational requirements. First of all, it will be ensuring connection to the power grid, obtaining appropriate environmental decisions and building permits. It should be remembered that this is a time-consuming process. On the operational level, the challenge is the instability of substrate prices. In order to minimize this risk, one must act locally and sign possibly long-term contracts with biomass suppliers – indicates Jakub Roszkiewicz.

However, it is worth remembering that investing in biogas plants is an action to achieve global goals related to decarbonization and energy transformation.

It also allows companies to stabilize operating costs, improve energy efficiency and strengthen their market position by achieving sustainable development goals.

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