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When to sow winter crops? We remind you of the optimal dates

Kiedy siać zboża ozime? Przypominamy terminy optymalne
  • We remind you of the optimal dates for sowing cereals.
  • Winter barley is usually the first to be sown.
  • Farmers from the southwestern part of the country have the most time for sowing.

Each year is different and climate change generates significant changes in the weather. Therefore, we can only talk about the optimal date of sowing grains for a given year after the end of the autumn vegetation, when the condition of plants and plantations can be assessed. It is difficult to predict in advance the weather system over the course of three months and how it will affect plant development. This is a reflection after the proverbial milk has been spilled.
Moreover, during the optimal dates, unfavourable weather conditions may prevail (drought, excessive soil moisture) or the forecrop may not have been harvested yet. Then, naturally, these dates change.

It is generally accepted that extending the period to 10 days is acceptable. However, above these values, unfavourable changes in plant development may occur, which directly affect the yield potential, which in this situation is reduced. This principle is not a rule, because as mentioned in the introduction, each year is different, and nature is governed by its own laws anyway.

How many kg of cereals to sow per ha? See our sowing calculator

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How many kg of cereals to sow per ha? See our sowing calculator

Optimal dates for cereals

The earliest crops are sown in the north-eastern part. The growing season there is the shortest and the plants have the least time to develop. Farmers from south-western Poland have the most time for sowing because, similarly, the growing season there is the longest on a national scale.

You can read about the optimal sowing dates in the publication ABC sowing cereals, authored by Dr. Grażyna Hołubowicz-Kliza (IUNG-PIB Puławy, 2023). According to this publication, the optimal dates are:

Winter barley:

  • September 5-15, in the east and north-east of the country
  • September 10 to 18, center of the country
  • until – September 20, in the west of Poland and the south

Winter wheat:

  • September 5-20, north-eastern part of the country
  • September 10-25, in central and southeastern Poland
  • September 15-30 – in the west of the country
  • from September 20 – to the first days of October – in the Silesian Lowland.

Winter triticale:

  • September 5 to 20, in north-eastern Poland
  • September 10 to 25, In the central part
  • until October 5 in the west and south
  • from September 20 to October 5 for the western part of the country

Winter rye:

  • until September 15 in north-eastern Poland
  • until September 25 In central and south-eastern Poland
  • until September 20 or even 30 in the West
  • In Western Pomerania, rye can be sown in the first week of October.

Are you planning to sow cereals with your own seed? Check its quality in home conditions

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Are you planning to sow cereals with your own seed? Check its quality in home conditions

Practice has its own rules

In practice, in 2024, few people have already sown winter cereals. This week it is impossible due to the conditions in m, or more precisely the rainy weather brought by the Genoese cloudburst.

Farmers also do not rush with sowing and often deliberately delay sowing, which should not be considered an agrotechnical error. Sowing from slightly delayed dates has its advantages. Due to the long autumns observed for many seasons, there are also arguments for the sowing dates of cereals considered optimal to be "extended". You can read about it below:

Will there be an official change in the sowing dates of winter crops in Poland?

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Will there be an official change in the sowing dates of winter crops in Poland?

Calendar dates should not determine the sowing date, but field and organizational conditions. In order to approach the subject professionally, the sowing date of cereals should be adjusted for the weather forecast and also compared with the individual predispositions of the selected variety. Generally, hybrid varieties can be sown a little later, as well as varieties that tolerate delayed sowing better. It is worth asking seed or breeding companies about these details.

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