Although soybeans on a small scale were cultivated in Poland already in the 20 interwar years, their real popularity came only in the second decade of the XXI century. Progress in construction caused the areal of about 6 thousand hectares by 2014 year, had increased now by 13 times, a new variety soy can with success be cultivated in northern Poland or in Lithuania, where not for a long time this was not thinkable. Choice in the market of seed material is disputed, new varieties are increasing, but are the proper differences between them?
Soy this plant is warm
When thinking about the cultivation of soy before all you have to consider, that it is a warm species. From this there was also a common then until long ago, that the conditions for her cultivation in Poland are only in the south west, where the period of vegetation is the longest. Today progress in construction has made that appropriately selected varieties will also perform in the coolest parts of Poland, however the sowing time depend
not on the calendar, a on the thermometer. During sowing temperature of soil
should be minimum 8°C, a after rising temperature of air should not
drop below 10°C.
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It is on satisfying thermal needs soy that depends on utilizing its planting potential. Although we are still far from the results of. from the US, where we succeed in harvesting after 8 t/ha, Poland farmers have followed with progress and have already been successful in exceeding 2 t/ha, which might have been praised decades ago. In last year’s post-registration COBORU plot of the best varieties soy in individual groups of maturity was 3,49 t/ha for varieties very early and early and 3.95 t/ha for mid late and mid early varieties. Thus farmers have boasted in the last season yields reaching on the best plants even 5 t/ha.
Early variety
soy
When choosing variety soy for sowing in early planting the pool should be targeted to varieties from
groups of early earliness.appropriate for locations. Im far north of Poland, this selects the earliest varieties.
Early soi is determined on a “zero” scale, where 0000 means the earliest varieties.
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In the conditions of Poland the safest to cultivate is of very early varieties, early and medium early, a hence 0000, 000+ and 000, whose length of vegetation period is in the range 110-150 days. While in the south of Poland there may be tested even mid varieties, in the north there is no place for experiments, a record crop needs to devote to things that last about 4 months of vegetation, for soy to mature.
Another differences between varieties soy
Another important difference between varieties soy is the height of planting first strike. This is rarely seen in other species
a drawback, however in the case soi the problem is real, because old
varieties had often strings planted just a few centimeters above the ground, below
the height of the work heder, that had no success in collecting parts of these. Today the construction progress is conducted in the direction of increasing this height, a on the market can already find varieties with first strike planted even 14 cm above the ground.
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If we are talking about strings, an important parameter is also resistance to breaking. When soybeans ripen, the leaves fall, and strings and seeds dry out. The seeds at the time of harvest have only a percent of humidity, and even the dry strings become very delicate. Important.is then, that they would
be resistant to breaking, because in the other time it is easy to
lose valuable seeds.
In the situation and the frequent in last years
problems of water shortage, it is worth interesting in also varieties of high resistance to drought, which, though still need water, will response to its deficiency with a slightly weaker drought plot. If the resistance is talked about, in view of the increasing importance of soy diseases, an interesting solution are also resistant to some of these, for example. septoriasis, sporiosis or different splashes.
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Soy instead of currency? Is worth it?
No from today it is
said, that weeding soy is problematic, because of its sensitivity to substances active herbicides,
a in relation to this necessity of using small doses of limited efficacy.
Also in this area breedershavemetexpectationsoffarmersandinthemarketcanalreadyfindvarietiesofsoywithimprovedresistancetomethobromuronormetribuzin.
Ingrowthsoyan importantparameterisalsothecompositionofseeds,aparticularlythecontentofkeycomponents-proteinandfat.Onthemarketwe can findvarietiescontaining35-45proc.proteinand15-25proc.fat.
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