Two-row and multi-row barley. A few key differences
The differences between two-row and multi-row barley varieties lie in the different structure of the ear. All forms of barley have three single-flowered spikelets per storey, located on both sides of the spikelet. However, the number of fertile spikelets on the top of the ear rachis is crucial. In a two-row barley ear, only the central spikelet is fertile, and the side spikelets are sterile. In an ear of multi-row barley, all three spikelets are fertile and six rows of kernels are produced, which differ in their arrangement and arrangement in four- and six-row varieties. A characteristic feature of an ear of six-row barley is that the grains are arranged in the shape of a six-pointed star. In an ear of four-row barley, there are also six rows of grains, but the adjacent layers of grains overlap, which makes the ear appear four-sided.
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These morphological differences translate into the way individual varieties produce yields and the suitability of barley grain for various purposes. The ears of multi-row barley produce more grains, the ears are usually shorter and thicker compared to two-row barley. Multi-row barley yields more grain, but it is usually finer than two-row barley. In very unfavorable seasons, there is a greater risk of a high share of rump in the yield of multi-row barley. Such varieties are usually taller than two-row varieties, and therefore more susceptible to lodging, which is further intensified by the heavy and "dense" ears. Four- and six-row barley are valuable fodder grains. Their grain usually contains more protein and is used primarily for fodder.
Two-row barley, in turn, develops fewer grains in the ear, which is thinner but longer than in multi-row barley. The grain is thick, well-filled and even, and the high MTZ can compensate for the lower number of grains. Two-row barley is also characterized by higher grain density. Often the grain contains less protein, although this depends on the direction of use. Two-row varieties are usually shorter than multi-row varieties and less susceptible to lodging. According to some farmers, two-row barley is easier to thresh. The properties of the grain of varieties from this group make them useful for the production of barley malt, used mainly in brewing and in the groats industry.
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What varieties of two-row and multi-row barley are on the market?
Currently, there are approximately 150 varieties of barley available on the Polish market, with more spring barley varieties registered. In recent years, however, the winter form has been gaining more and more popularity.
Multi-row fodder varieties dominate among the winter barley varieties available in Poland. These include such varieties as: KWS Morris, KWS Kosmos, KWS Higgins (from KWS Polska), SU Midnight, SU Jule, Jakubus (from Saaten-Union Polska), Giewont, Zenek, Teuto (Danko Hodowla Plant) , Bohun (Hodowla Plant Strzelce), Julia, Esprit (DSV Polska), Picasso (Limagrain Polska) and Melia (IGP Polska). We can also find two-row fodder varieties, such as: Bordeaux (Danko Hodowla Plant), Lautetia, SU Laubella and SU Lautine (Saaten-Union Poland), Aleksandra (IGP Poland). The National Register also includes varieties of two-row winter malting barley: Suez, Sonja (Saatbau Polska).
The two-row ear is the domain of spring forms of barley, both fodder and brewing varieties. Varieties of two-row spring barley for fodder purposes include: Florence, Feedway, Laser, Tilmor (Danko Hodowla Plant), Attorney, Patron, Radek (Hodowla Plant Strzelce), Jovita, Bente, Brigitta (Saaten-Union Polska), Wirtuoz, Bizon, Avatar (Poznańska Hodowla Plant), Rekrut (Breeding Plant Smolice), KWS Vermont, KWS Fantex, KWS Premis (KWS Polska), MHR Fajter, MHR Krajan (Małopolska Hodowla Plant). Two-row brewing varieties of spring barley entered into the National Register include: LG Belcanto, LG Flamenco (Limagrain Polska), Lexy (Danko Hodowla Plant), RGT Planet (RAGT Semences Polska) and KWS Jessie (KWS Polska).
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